If the virtual machines are soft partitions (e.g. In the example shown above, if the virtual machines are hard partitions, the number of Oracle processor licenses required would be: 2 (virtual cores) x 0.5 = 1 Installing an Oracle instance on a single virtual machine in these environments requires licensing all physical processor-cores on the host supporting it. Solutions such as AIX Workload Manager, Microsoft Hyper-V or VMware ESX belong to that category and are not recognized by Oracle for licensing purposes. Soft partitioning is a technology where an operating system limits the number of resources allocated to each partition. The list of the supported hard partitioning technologies is published by Oracle here. Oracle only requires purchasing licenses for the hard partitions where an Oracle database is installed and/or running: only processors allocated to these partitions will be considered in the license calculation. Each partition acts as a physically independent, self-contained server with physical resources (CPU, memory…) allocated exclusively to it. Two major types of partitioning technologies have been identified by Oracle: hard partitioning that physically segments a server such as Solaris Containers, vPar, nPar, etc. Oracle database Standard Edition and Standard Edition One consider the number of processor sockets: the Standard Edition can be only use for servers that have a maximum capacity of four sockets the Standard Edition One is limited to servers with only two sockets. For instance, a server with 2 Intel Xeon E5620 processors, each of them having 4 cores will require (8 cores) * (.50 core factor) = 4 licenses. Oracle publishes a core factor table here that is maintained over time. The number of licenses required for a physical server is the number of cores multiplied by a factor tied to the processor type. The Processor license for the Oracle Enterprise Edition is based on the number of physical cores in the processors installed in the device. The licensing impacts in a VMware virtual environment are considered below. The Processor license has few challenges, specifically when deployed in virtualized environments. Processor licenses must be used when users cannot be counted or identified, for instance internet applications, or when the number of users is very high and makes the Named User Plus license cost prohibitive. (See the blog: Oracle’s Magic Ratio for more information on how to determine when to use NUP versus Processor based licensing). Named User Plus licenses are used when the total number of users is identifiable and limited. Oracle’s database product is offered with two types of licenses: Named User Plus (NUP) based on the number of users using the database and Processor based on the physical characteristics of the device (server) supporting the database process.
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